Tham Pha Thap Phon Wildlife Sanctuary in Phitsanulok Province is one of Thailand’s most significant natural attractions and learning centers. Covering an area of more than 1,775 rai, it is located in Noen Maprang District, about 85 kilometers from Phitsanulok city. This sanctuary is filled with ecological richness, geological value, archaeological importance, and cultural significance. Its pristine beauty and well-preserved natural environment make it a perfect destination for those who love nature, adventure, and knowledge.

 

The journey to this sanctuary begins in Phitsanulok city, taking Highway 12 to Wang Thong District, covering about 20 kilometers. From there, travelers turn right onto Highway 11 toward Sak Lek District, another 38 kilometers, before turning left onto Highway 1115 for 17 kilometers until reaching Noen Maprang Suksa Witthaya School, located just two kilometers from the district center. A right turn from there leads to Tham Pha Thap Phon, about 10 kilometers further. Some sections of the road are unpaved, and during the rainy season, a four-wheel-drive vehicle is recommended for convenience and safety.

 

The sanctuary was officially established to conserve its natural resources and protect the wildlife inhabiting the area. This region is home to a wide range of wildlife species, including small birds, reptiles, and some mammals. It also shelters unique plant species, including endemic and rare varieties. The establishment of the wildlife sanctuary has been crucial in maintaining ecological balance and ensuring that future generations can continue to experience this natural wonder.

 

The landscape of Tham Pha Thap Phon is dominated by limestone mountains formed from the accumulation and uplifting of the earth’s crust millions of years ago. The area is characterized by steep cliffs and peaks rising up to 236 meters. Over millions of years, rainwater erosion and geological processes have sculpted dramatic landscapes, giving rise to numerous caves scattered throughout the region. Each cave holds unique characteristics and natural beauty.

 

Naresuan Cave is among the most famous caves in the sanctuary. Inside, sparkling stalactites and stalagmites have formed from mineral deposits over thousands of years. With the use of flashlights, the cave reveals glittering formations resembling precious gemstones, creating a mysterious and breathtaking atmosphere. Rua Cave, or “Boat Cave,” is another highlight, with rock formations resembling the shape of a boat. Lod Cave, also known as “Passage Cave,” offers a unique experience, allowing visitors to walk through the mountain and emerge on the other side, adding excitement and adventure to the exploration.

 

Besides these well-known caves, many smaller caves are scattered across the sanctuary, each hiding fascinating geological features. These range from unusual stalactite formations and narrow passages to tranquil, hidden chambers that make visitors feel as though they have entered another world.

 

The sanctuary is also of great archaeological importance. Prehistoric cave paintings of human handprints in red pigment have been found on rock shelters, providing evidence of ancient human presence and belief systems. Additionally, inscriptions of ancient Japanese characters carved into stones have been discovered, sparking scholarly debates about the cultural and historical connections of the area with other regions.

 

Geologically, Tham Pha Thap Phon is equally valuable. Fossilized remains of seashells and corals embedded in the limestone are evidence that the area was once an ancient sea millions of years ago. The transformation from sea to limestone mountains is a fascinating natural story, reflecting the earth’s evolution and processes of geological change.

 

The sanctuary also offers nature study trails where visitors can walk through forests and explore biodiversity up close. The flora includes large trees growing along slopes, shrubs adapted to thin soil conditions, and local medicinal plants used by nearby communities. Visitors may also encounter signs of wildlife such as animal tracks, bird nests, or the calls of birds and other creatures echoing through the forest.

 

Visitors are encouraged to come prepared, especially by bringing flashlights for cave exploration and wearing appropriate hiking shoes. During the rainy season, some caves may flood and become inaccessible, so it is important to consult sanctuary staff beforehand. For group activities or overnight stays, prior arrangements can be made with the Tham Pha Thap Phon Wildlife Sanctuary Office, located at Moo 6, Ban Mung Subdistrict, Noen Maprang District, Phitsanulok, 65190.

 

The scenic beauty surrounding the sanctuary is another highlight. The limestone mountains form a striking panorama of ridges and steep cliffs. In the early morning, mist often blankets the peaks, creating a serene and romantic atmosphere that leaves lasting impressions on visitors. A trip here is not only about exploring caves but also about experiencing the majesty of nature in all its details.

 

Tham Pha Thap Phon Wildlife Sanctuary is therefore more than just a natural attraction. It is a valuable educational resource for geology, archaeology, and ecology. Its natural richness, archaeological evidence, and ecological diversity make it a treasure of Phitsanulok and Thailand, worthy of preservation and protection for future generations.